The energy transition in Germany and Baden-Württemberg is well advanced in the electricity sector, but faces major challenges in achieving the ambitious climate targets – climate neutrality by 2045 at federal level and 2040 in Baden-Württemberg. The energy policy debate has gained momentum since the new federal government's coalition agreement. In May 2025, the Federal Ministry for Economic Affairs and Energy announced a ‘reality check in energy policy’, the results of which have been available since mid-September.
In this position paper, we examine some of these issues from the perspective of Baden-Württemberg, address current arguments and discussions, and offer ideas for the further development of energy policy under the specific conditions of the state.